1Ch 7:1 Now the sons of Issachar were, Tola, and Puah, Jashub, and Shimron, four.
Four - The same number is given, Gen_46:13 with a small variation of two of their names, there called Phuvah and Job, from whence so many families sprang, mentioned Num_26:23, where the names are the same as here.
Here is no account either of Zebulun or Dan. We can assign no reason why they only should be omitted; but it is the disgrace of the tribe of Dan, that idolatry began in that colony which fixed in Laish, and called it Dan, Judges 18 and there one of the golden calves was set up by Jeroboam. Dan is omitted, Revelation 7. Men become abominable when they forsake the worship of the true God, for any creature object.
1Ch 7:2 And the sons of Tola; Uzzi, and Rephaiah, and Jeriel, and Jahmai, and Jibsam, and Shemuel, heads of their father's house, to wit, of Tola: they were valiant men of might in their generations; whose number was in the days of David two and twenty thousand and six hundred.
Whose number was in the days of David - The writer would seem by this passage to have had access to the statistics of the tribes collected by David, when he sinfully “numbered the people”. The numbers given in 1Ch_7:4-5 probably came from the same source.
Whose number was in the days of David - Whether this was the number returned by Joab and his assistants, when they made that census of the people with which God was so much displeased, we know not. It is worthy of remark that we read here the sum of three tribes, Benjamin, Issachar, and Asher, under the reign of David, which is mentioned nowhere else; and yet we have no account here of the other tribes, perhaps because the author found no public registers in which such enumeration was recorded.
Whose number was in the days of David - Although a census was taken in the reign of David by order of that monarch, it is not certain that the sacred historian had it in mind, since we find here the tribe of Benjamin enumerated [1Ch_7:6-12], which was not taken in David's time; and there are other points of dissimilarity.
the sons of Tola - The eldest son of Issachar, whose posterity are only reckoned by name: The six sons of Tola are not elsewhere met with in the Old Testament.
they were valiant men of might in their generations - famous for their courage and military exploits, though they sprang from Tola, whose name signifies "a worm"; yet from him sprung such mighty men, and from them such a numerous race.
whose number was - besides those of the posterity of Uzzi, after mentioned. This was at the time Joab took the number of Israel , by the order of David, 1Ch_21:5.
1Ch 7:3 And the sons of Uzzi; Izrahiah: and the sons of Izrahiah; Michael, and Obadiah, and Joel, Ishiah, five: all of them chief men.
five: all of them chief men--Four only are mentioned; so that as they are stated to be five, in this number the father, Izrahiah, must be considered as included; otherwise one of the names must have dropped out of the text. They were each at the head of a numerous and influential division of their tribe. From Uzzi, the first-born of Tola, are descended through Izrahiah five men, all heads of groups of related households.
1Ch 7:4 And with them, by their generations, after the house of their fathers, were bands of soldiers for war, six and thirty thousand men: for they had many wives and sons.
1Ch 7:5 And their brethren among all the families of Issachar were valiant men of might, reckoned in all by their genealogies fourscore and seven thousand.
fourscore and seven thousand--exclusive of the 58,600 men which the Tola branch had produced (1Ch_7:24), so that in the days of David the tribe would have contained a population of 45,600. This large increase was owing to the practice of polygamy, as well as the fruitfulness of the women. A plurality of wives, though tolerated among the Hebrews, was confined chiefly to the great and wealthy; but it seems to have been generally esteemed a privilege by the tribe of Issachar, "for they had many wives and sons" [1Ch_7:4].
1Ch 7:6 The sons of Benjamin; Bela, and Becher, and Jediael, three.
Three - In Genesis, ten “sons” of Benjamin are mentioned; in Numbers, five. Neither list, however, contains Jediael who was perhaps a later chieftain. If so, “son” as applied to him means only “descendant.”
Becher - It is conjectured that Becher has disappeared from the lists in 1 Chr. 8 and in Numbers, because he, or his heir, married an Ephraimite heiress, and that his house thus passed over in a certain sense into the tribe of Ephraim, in which the “Bachrites” are placed in Numbers Num_26:35. He retains, however, his place here, because, by right of blood, he really belonged to Benjamin.
The sons of Benjamin; Bela, and Becher and Jediael - In Gen_46:21, ten sons of Benjamin are reckoned; Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera , Naaman, Eri, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard. In Num_26:38, etc., five sons only of Benjamin are mentioned, Bela, Ashbel, Ahiram, Shupham, and Hupham: and Ard and Naaman are there said to be the sons of Bela; consequently grandsons of Benjamin. In the beginning of the following chapter, five sons of Benjamin are mentioned, viz., Bela, Ashbel, Aharah, Nohah, and Rapha; where also Addar, Gera, Abihud, Abishua, Naaman, Ahoah, a second Gera, Shephuphan, and Huram, are all represented as grandsons, not sons, of Benjamin: hence we see that in many cases grandsons are called sons, and both are often confounded in the genealogical tables.
1Ch 7:7 And the sons of Bela; Ezbon, and Uzzi, and Uzziel, and Jerimoth, and Iri, five; heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour; and were reckoned by their genealogies twenty and two thousand and thirty and four.
And the sons of Bela - The five heads of fathers'-houses called sons of Bela are not sons in the proper sense of the word, but more distant descendants, who, at the time when this register was made up, were heads of the five groups of related households of the race of Bela.
And the sons of Bela - These are thought by some to be the grandsons of Bela, because of the different names in 1Ch_8:3,
1Ch 7:8 And the sons of Becher; Zemira, and Joash, and Eliezer, and Elioenai, and Omri, and Jerimoth, and Abiah, and Anathoth, and Alameth. All these are the sons of Becher.
Anathoth, and Alameth - these gave names to two cities in Benjamin, built by them; Anathoth, the native place of Jeremiah the prophet, and Alameth, the same with Bahurim, 2Sa_16:5.
1Ch 7:9 And the number of them, after their genealogy by their generations, heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour, was twenty thousand and two hundred.
after their genealogy by their generations - as they increased in succeeding ages, and at the time of David:
1Ch 7:10 The sons also of Jediael; Bilhan: and the sons of Bilhan; Jeush, and Benjamin, and Ehud, and Chenaanah, and Zethan, and Tharshish, and Ahishahar.
The sons also of Jediael - The third son of Benjamin before mentioned, 1Ch_7:6. Bilhan, including his posterity, as follows:
Benjamin - called so after his great grandfather:
Ehud – Some scholars say he was the second judge in Israel , Jdg_3:15. Others say he is not the judge Ehud (Jdg_3:15), who was indeed a Benjamite, but of the family of Gera .
Chenaanah, and Zethan, and Tharshish, and Ahishahar - of whom we nowhere else read.
1Ch 7:11 All these the sons of Jediael, by the heads of their fathers, mighty men of valour, were seventeen thousand and two hundred soldiers, fit to go out for war and battle.
1Ch 7:12 Shuppim also, and Huppim, the children of Ir, and Hushim, the sons of Aher.
Shuppim also, and Huppim, the children of Ir - The same with Iri, 1Ch_7:7 so that these were not sons of Benjamin, as they seem to be, if they are the same with Muppim and Huppim in Gen_46:21 but his great-grandchildren, and are the same with Shupham and Hupham, from whom families of the tribe of Benjamin sprung, Num_26:39.
Hushim, the sons of Aher - either the same with Aharah, the third son of Benjamin, 1Ch_8:1 or Ahiram, Num_26:38.
Hushim, the sons of Aher - Aher signifies another, and it has been conjectured that these were Danites, “the sons of another tribe;” especially as Hushim is named as the only son of Dan, Gen_46:23. And they suppose that the name of Dan was not mentioned, because his descendants first established idolatry. But Zebulun, as well as Dan, is here omitted, perhaps because none of either of these tribes returned at first from Babylon . Though the Benjamites had been almost destroyed in the first days of the judges, they soon became numerous and powerful. Num_26:38, Ahiram
1Ch 7:13 The sons of Naphtali; Jahziel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shallum, the sons of Bilhah.
Shallum - Called Shillem, Gen_46:24,
the sons of Bilhah - Jacob's concubine; her grandsons; for Naphtali, the father of them, was her son; from these sprung so many families, after their names, Num_26:48.
sons of Bilhah--As Dan and Naphtali were her sons, Hushim, as well as these enumerated in 1Ch_7:13, were her grandsons.
The sons of Naphtali. - Only the sons of Naphtali are named, the families descended from them being passed over. The names correspond to those in Gen_46:24 and Num_26:48.
1Ch 7:14 The sons of Manasseh; Ashriel, whom she bare: (but his concubine the Aramitess bare Machir the father of Gilead:
The sons of Manasseh; Ashriel, whom she bare - The text, as it stands, is so confused and complicated that it is exceedingly difficult to trace the genealogical thread, and a great variety of conjectures have been made with a view to clear away the obscurity. The New King James version seems to translate verses 14 and 15 most understandably. 1 Chronicles 7:14-15 The descendants of Manasseh: his Syrian concubine bore him Machir the father of Gilead, the father of Asriel. Machir took as his wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim, whose name was Maachah. The name of Gilead’s grandson was Zelophehad, but Zelophehad begot only daughters.
Other versions:
1Ch 7:14 The sons of Manasseh: Ashriel, the son born to his Syrian concubine with Machir the father of Gilead,
15 and Machir took a wife for Huppim and for Shuppim; and the name of his sister was Maachah. And the name of the second was Zelophehad. And Zelophehad had daughters. (MKJV)
1Ch 7:14 The sons of Manasseh: Asriel, whom his Aramean concubine bore; she bore Machir the father of Gilead.
15 And Machir took a wife for Huppim and for Shuppim. The name of his sister was Maacah. And the name of the second was Zelophehad, and Zelophehad had daughters. (ESV)
1Ch 7:14 The sons of Manasseh were Asriel, whom his Aramean concubine bore; she bore Machir the father of Gilead.
15 Machir took a wife for Huppim and Shuppim, whose sister's name was Maacah. And the name of the second was Zelophehad, and Zelophehad had daughters. (NASB)
1Ch 7:14 The descendants of Manasseh: Asriel was his descendant through his Aramean concubine. She gave birth to Makir the father of Gilead.
15 Makir took a wife from among the Huppites and Shuppites. His sister's name was Maacah. Another descendant was named Zelophehad, who had only daughters. (NIV)
The sons of Manasseh--or descendants; for Ashriel was a grandson, and Zelophehad was a generation farther removed in descent (Num_26:33).
Families of the half-tribe of Manasseh. - The families of Manasseh which dwelt in Gilead and Bashan have already been mentioned in 1Ch_5:23, 1Ch_5:14. Our verses deal with the families of this tribe which received their inheritance in Canaan , on this side Jordan. These were, according to Num_26:30, Num_26:34, and Jos_17:2, six families, of which, however, only two are here spoken of - Ashriel, 1Ch_7:14, and Shemidah, 1Ch_7:19; or perhaps three, if Abiezer, 1Ch_7:18, be the same person as Jeezer (Num_26:30), who is called Abiezer in Jos_17:2.
1Ch 7:15 And Machir took to wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim, whose sister's name was Maachah;) and the name of the second was Zelophehad: and Zelophehad had daughters.
Machir took to wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim - He married into the tribe of Benjamin, a sister of the persons mentioned, 1Ch_7:12 whose name was Maachah:
Zelophehad - the posterity of Manasseh; he was the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead , the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, Num_27:1.
Zelophehad had daughters - but no sons, the names of his daughters are given, Num_26:33.
1Ch 7:16 And Maachah the wife of Machir bare a son, and she called his name Peresh; and the name of his brother was Sheresh; and his sons were Ulam and Rakem.
And Maachah the wife of Machir bare a son - He had both these sons by her:
his sons were Ulam and Rakem - that is, either the sons of Peresh or Sheresh.
1Ch 7:17 And the sons of Ulam; Bedan. These were the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh.
These were the sons of Gilead - these descendants of Machir were reckoned to the family of Gilead . The name “ Gilead ” prevailed above all others in the line of Manasseh, the term “Gileadite” almost taking the place of “Manassite.”
1Ch 7:18 And his sister Hammoleketh bare Ishod, and Abiezer, and Mahalah.
Abiezer - His descendants formed one of the most important branches of the Manassites. They furnished to Israel the greatest of the Judges, Gideon Jdg_6:11, Jdg_6:24, Jdg_6:34, and were regarded as the leading family among the so-called “sons of Gilead . Abiezer is the same with Jeezer, from whom a family sprung of that name, Num_26:30, of which Gideon was, Jdg_6:11.
Abiezer - The name Abiezer occurs, Jos_17:2, as that of the head of one of the families of Manasseh. In Num_26:30, however, he is called Jeezer, which is probably the original reading, and consequently our Abiezer is different from that in Jos_17:2. Another circumstance which speaks strongly against the identification of the two men is, that the family descended from Jeezer holds the first place among the families of Manasseh, which is not at all consonant with the position of the son of Machir's sister here mentioned. Of the family of Abiezer came the judge Gideon, Jdg_11:15. A daughter of Zelophehad is called Mahlah in Num_26:33; Num_27:1, but she is not the person here mentioned.
his sister Hammoleketh – According to one scholar, the sister of Gilead .
his sister Hammoleketh - A third branch of the descendants of Gilead were descended from Machir's sister Hammoleketh according to another scholar.
Ishod - “man of splendour,” is not elsewhere mentioned.
1Ch 7:19 And the sons of Shemida were, Ahian, and Shechem, and Likhi, and Aniam.
The sons of Shemida - the founder of the fourth family of the Manassites, Num_26:32. His four sons are nowhere else referred to.
1Ch 7:20 And the sons of Ephraim; Shuthelah, and Bered his son, and Tahath his son, and Eladah his son, and Tahath his son,
The sons of Ephraim - The genealogy is difficult. It is perhaps best to consider Ezer and Elead 1Ch_7:21 as not sons of Zabad and brothers of the second Shuthelah, but natural sons of Ephraim. The passage would then run thusly: “And the sons of Ephraim, Shuthelah (and Bered was his son, and Tahath his son and Eladah his son, and Tahath his son, and Zabad his son, and Shuthelah his son) and Ezer and Elead, whom the men of Gath slew” (i. e. the settled inhabitants, as contrasted with the nomadic Hebrews, Amalekites, etc.).
The sons of Ephraim - A son of Joseph, and father of a tribe of this name, whose genealogy through five generations follows: Shuthelah, Bered, Tahath, Eladah, Tahath; the second. Among the Ephraimites, the descendants of Shuthelah, the founder of one of the chief families of this tribe, Num_26:35, are traced down through six generations to a later Shuthelah.
1Ch 7:21 And Zabad his son, and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer, and Elead, whom the men of Gath that were born in that land slew, because they came down to take away their cattle.
Whom the men of Gath slew - We know nothing of this circumstance but what is related here.
Whom the men of Gath slew - that is, Zabad and his three sons; these the men of Gath slew, who were Philistines that dwelt there, and were originally of Egypt, and were born in that land, but had removed into Palestine, which had its name from them, of which Gath was one of its cities; and this bordering upon the land of Goshen, or being near it, where the Israelites dwelt, they made inroads upon them, and plundered them:
Zabad his son - Not the son of Tahath the second last mentioned, but the son of Ephraim, a second son of his.
Shuthelah; his son - the son of Zabad, called after his uncle's name, 1Ch_7:20.
Ezer, and Elead - two other sons of Zabad:
because they came down to take away their cattle - it does not appear that the sons of Ephraim were the aggressors, but the men of Gath , who appear to have been born in Egypt . This is the only place in the Sacred Writings where this piece of history is mentioned, and the transaction seems to have happened before the Israelites came out of Egypt ; for it appears from the following verse, that Ephraim was alive when these children of his were slain.
because they came down to take away their cattle - This history is not recorded else where in scripture, but it is in the ancient Hebrew writers. The Philistines (one of whose cities Gath was) and the Egyptians were next neighbours; and in those ancient times it was usual for such to make inroads one into another's country, and to carry thence what prey they could take. And as the Philistines had probably made such inroads formerly into Egypt, and particularly into the land of Goshen, which was the utmost part of Egypt bordering upon the Philistines land; so the Israelites might requite them in the like kind: and particularly the children of Ephraim, to their own loss. And this seems to have happened a little before the Egyptian persecution, and before the reign of that new king mentioned Exo_1:8. And this clause, that were born in that land, may be added emphatically, as the motive which made them more resolute in their fight with the Ephraimites, because they fought in, and for their own land, wherein all their wealth and concerns lay.
1Ch 7:22 And Ephraim their father mourned many days, and his brethren came to comfort him.
Ephraim their father mourned many days - For the loss of his son and grandchildren for the above fact was done while the Israelites were in Egypt, and Ephraim the patriarch yet alive; nor is there any need to suppose another Ephraim, different from him:
his brethren came to comfort him - some of the heads of the other tribes of Israel .
1Ch 7:23 And when he went in to his wife, she conceived, and bare a son, and he called his name Beriah, because it went evil with his house.
he called his name Beriah - which signifies being "in evil" or calamity, he being born in an evil time: Many similar instances of the naming of children from passing circumstances, occur throughout the sacred volume. See those of a similar character with this verse: Gen_35:18, where Rachel, while dying, names her new-born son Ben-oni, or, the son of my sorrow. So in 1Sa_4:21, the wife of Phinehas, on being apprised of the death of Eli and her husband, and that the ark was taken by the Philistines, while in the pains of travail, and dying, named her son I-chabod, or, there is no glory. So also in 1Ch_9:4 of this book, we read that Jabez, or, sorrowful, had that name given to him, because his mother “bare him with sorrow.” 2Sa_23:5
because it went evil with his house - or evil was in his house, in his family; a great calamity had befallen it.
Bare a son - Thus the breach was in some measure repaired, by the addition of another son in his old age.
1Ch 7:24 (And his daughter was Sherah, who built Bethhoron the nether, and the upper, and Uzzensherah.)
His daughter was Sherah - Sherah could scarcely herself have built the Palestinian cities here mentioned, which must belong to a time not earlier than Joshua. By “she built” we must understand “her descendants built.” Or that she was a descendent and not an immediate daughter of Beriah.
Bethhoron the nether, and the upper - which were cities on the border of the tribe of Ephraim; which the Israelites having taken from the Canaanites, and destroyed, she rebuilt, see Jos_16:3.
Uzzensherah - which was called after her own name, and to distinguish it from another place called Uzzen; though of neither of them do we read elsewhere.
1Ch 7:25 And Rephah was his son, also Resheph, and Telah his son, and Tahan his son,
Rephah was his son - The son of Beriah, whose genealogy from him is traced down to Joshua in this and the two following verses, and stands thus: after Rephah, Resheph, Telah, Tahan, Laadan, Ammihud, Elishama, who was prince of the tribe of Ephraim in the wilderness, Num_1:10, then Non or Nun, whose son was Jehoshua or Joshua.
1Ch 7:26 Laadan his son, Ammihud his son, Elishama his son,
Elishama - the son of Ammihud, Elishama, was a contemporary of Moses, Num_1:10, and prince of the tribe of Ephraim, Num_7:48; Num_10:22.
1Ch 7:27 Non his son, Jehoshua his son.
Non - so pronounced only in this place; in the Pentateuch and in the book of Joshua it is Nun.
1Ch 7:28 And their possessions and habitations were, Bethel and the towns thereof, and eastward Naaran, and westward Gezer, with the towns thereof; Shechem also and the towns thereof, unto Gaza and the towns thereof:
their possessions and habitations - That is, of the sons of Ephraim, when come into the land of Canaan :
Bethel, and the towns thereof - the villages belonging to it, which was formerly called Luz, and was the border of Ephraim, Jos_16:7.
Naaran - the same with Naarath, Jos_16:7.
Shechem also, and the towns thereof - which was a city of refuge in Mount Ephraim , Jos_20:7
unto Gaza, and the towns thereof - not Gaza , a city of the Philistines, for the tribe of Ephraim did not reach so far.
1Ch 7:29 And by the borders of the children of Manasseh, Bethshean and her towns, Taanach and her towns, Megiddo and her towns, Dor and her towns. In these dwelt the children of Joseph the son of Israel.
by the borders of the children of Manasseh - Of the half tribe of Manasseh on this side Jordan .
Bethshean, Taanach, Megiddo, Dor - of all which places see Jos_17:11,
in these dwelt the children of Joseph the son of Israel - the Ephraimites, in those mentioned in 1Ch_7:28, and the Manassites, in those that are here mentioned; who were both the children or posterity of Joseph, the beloved son of Israel .
in these dwelt the children of Joseph the son of Israel - According to Jos_17:11, the Manassites had received the four cities here named, lying within the territory of Issachar and Asher. As to its position, see Jos_17:11. These cities formed the boundaries on the extreme north, of the dwellings “of the sons of Joseph,” i.e., of the two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh.
1Ch 7:30 The sons of Asher; Imnah, and Isuah, and Ishuai, and Beriah, and Serah their sister.
The son of Asher - Which, and his two grandsons born before Jacob went down to Egypt , are here reckoned as in Gen_46:17 only it is here added Malchiel his second grandson in the next verse.
The sons and several families of Asher - The names of the four sons of Asher and that of their sister coincide with the statement of Gen_46:17; but in Num_26:44-47, on the contrary, the name Ishuai does not occur among the families of Asher.
Imnah - This variation only exists in the translation; the original being uniformly Jimnah, or Yimnah. Gen_46:17; Num_26:44-46, Jimnah
Ishuai - This variation only exists in the translation; the Hebrew being in both places Isui, or rather, Yishwi. Gen_46:17, Isui
1Ch 7:31 And the sons of Beriah; Heber, and Malchiel, who is the father of Birzavith.
who is the father of Birzavith - which one scholar interprets as “Malchiel, a prince of a city of Birzavith .” The name signifies pure oil; which it might have from the abundance of olives about it, Asher being a tribe which abounded with them, Deu_33:24. Some scholars take Birzavith to be the name of a man,
The sons of Beriah, Heber and Malchiel – This part is also to be found in Gen_46:17 and Num_26:45 as the heads of two families; but the further statement, “he (i.e., Malchiel) the father of Birzavith,” is found only here.
1Ch 7:32 And Heber begat Japhlet, and Shomer, and Hotham, and Shua their sister.
And Shua their sister - It is very rarely that women are found in the Jewish genealogies, and they are never inserted but for especial reasons.
Heber - The other grandson of Asher; and son of Beriah:
1Ch 7:33 And the sons of Japhlet; Pasach, and Bimhal, and Ashvath. These are the children of Japhlet.
Pasach, and Bimhal, and Ashvath - these are the children of Japhlet. Of whom we read not elsewhere,
1Ch 7:34 And the sons of Shamer; Ahi, and Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram.
And the sons of Shamer - Or Shomer, the brother of Japhlet, 1Ch_7:32.
Ahi, and Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram - of whom nothing is known but their names.
1Ch 7:35 And the sons of his brother Helem; Zophah, and Imna, and Shelesh, and Amal.
And the sons of his brother Helem - Or Helem his brother, that is, the brother of Shomer, who may be Hotham, 1Ch_7:32.
Zophah, and Imna, and Shelesh, and Amal - nowhere else mentioned.
1Ch 7:36 The sons of Zophah; Suah, and Harnepher, and Shual, and Beri, and Imrah,
1Ch 7:37 Bezer, and Hod, and Shamma, and Shilshah, and Ithran, and Beera.
1Ch 7:38 And the sons of Jether; Jephunneh, and Pispah, and Ara.
the sons of Jether - The same with Ithran, the last of Zophah's sons but one, 1Ch_7:37,
Jephunneh - not Jephunneh the father of Caleb; he was not of the tribe of Asher, but of Judah .
1Ch 7:39 And the sons of Ulla; Arah, and Haniel, and Rezia.
And the sons of Ulla - Who either was the son of Ara, last mentioned, or another son of Jether:
Arah, and Haniel, and Rezia - here ends the genealogy of Asher; the last of the tribes; Dan and Zebulun not being reckoned at all.
1Ch 7:40 All these were the children of Asher, heads of their father's house, choice and mighty men of valour, chief of the princes. And the number throughout the genealogy of them that were apt to the war and to battle was twenty and six thousand men.
the number that were apt to war - that is, in the days of David, 1Ch_7:4, this was the number, not of their chief men, nor of all the people in the tribe, but of their militia.
The children of Asher - But we must observe that the number given in our verse is only that of the men capable of bearing arms belonging to one of the greater families of Asher, the family of Heber, of which alone a register had been preserved till the time of the chronicler.
